Factors Influencing Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adolescents in Chongwe District, Zambia: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored factors influencing ART adherence among adolescents in Chongwe District, Zambia, using a mixed-methods design. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 with 75 adolescents attending ART clinics. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and qualitative data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews (46 in total). Qualitative analysis focused on key themes impacting adherence. Results Quantitative analysis revealed that 43% of adolescents missed at least one dose in the previous week. Qualitative findings identified disclosure, forgetfulness, and transport challenges as primary barriers to adherence. These factors were interconnected with social stigma and lack of caregiver support. Conclusion ART adherence among adolescents in Chongwe is hindered by multiple social and logistical factors. Interventions targeting disclosure support, reminders, and transportation facilitation are critical to improving adherence outcomes.