Optimizing BIPV Windows in Dust-Prone Regions: Enhanced Strategies for Energy Efficiency in Semi-Arid Climates

The problem of dust continues to be a constant performance barrier to building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) windows. This paper has innovated the field since the secondary-layer concept is proposed to consist of dust-reduction films, thermo-resistant materials, and optical redirection elements that work together as a multifunctional enhancement system. where most recent research assesses protective layers and optical concentrators as separate strategies. Through a full-scale application of the Smart Health Tower in Sulaymaniyah, a workflow created in Rhino, Grasshopper, Ladybug and PV-syst was executed to recalibrate the performance metrics of existing monocrystalline BIPV glazing. The baseline model established an annual energy yield of 321,685 kWh, applied only in upper part of the windows, serving as the benchmark and validation for evaluating the proposed scenarios. The analysis demonstrates that consolidating UV stabilization, thermal regulation, and micro-optical concentration within a protective layer significantly mitigates environmental degradation while enhancing energy production, loss prevention due to soiling, and long-term facade stability. This paper presents a novel strategy for next-generation BIPV window in dusty and high-irradiance environments by demonstrating the synergy gains achieved on merging protective and optical capabilities.