We Need to Talk about HIV/AIDS in Schools: perceptions of Brazilian students amidst myths and knowledge

This study investigates the perceptions of high school students from public schools in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil, regarding HIV, AIDS, and seropositive individuals. The research, employing a mixed (qual-quant) approach with a phenomenological foundation, used a questionnaire validated by experts, involving 189 students. The results reveal significant gaps in knowledge about HIV/AIDS, including conceptual confusions, myths about transmission methods, and lack of awareness about treatment and prevention options such as PrEP, PEP, and self-testing. Although school is recognized as a potential space for sexual education, it appears to be neglectful in addressing the topic, influenced by conservative policies and moralistic views that reinforce stigma and silence discussions about sexuality. Most students do not feel prepared to face an HIV diagnosis, demonstrating insecurity and lack of knowledge about rights and possibilities for a healthy life with the virus. The study concludes that it is urgent to implement comprehensive sexual education strategies in schools, involving families and teacher training, to promote inclusive environments, combat stigma, and strengthen prevention among youth. Schools should take an active role in building critical and emancipatory knowledge about HIV/AIDS, contributing to the reduction of youth vulnerability to the epidemic.