Assessing Irrigation Challenges in Highland Regions: The Role of Geomorphology in Sustainable Water Management, a case study in Sidama Region, Ethiopia

Irrigation development in highland regions is strongly influenced by geomorphological conditions that affect water availability and infrastructure sustainability. This study examines irrigation challenges in the highland areas of the Sidama Region, southern Ethiopia, focusing on the role of geomorphology in sustainable water management. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining GIS-based geomorphological analysis with field observations, household surveys, and key informant interviews. Digital Elevation Model-derived parameters, including slope, elevation, and drainage density, were used to assess hydrological behavior and irrigation suitability. The results show that steep slopes and dissected terrain accelerate surface runoff, limit groundwater recharge, and increase soil erosion and sedimentation, which frequently damage irrigation infrastructure. Spatial analysis indicates that valley bottoms and gentle slopes offer higher irrigation potential, while demographic pressures and small landholdings force cultivation on marginal lands. The study concludes that integrating geomorphological assessment with soil and water conservation measures and participatory planning is essential for sustainable irrigation management in the Sidama highlands.