Active Compounds (Alkaloid, Saponin, and Flavonoid) of Jatropha curcas L. Latex and Its Role in Wound Healing on Maxillofacial Trauma Treatment Wounds in Rats: A Systematic Review

Background: Maxillofacial trauma surgery often faces delayed wound healing and high risk infection. Latex of J. curcas is a source of bioactive compounds like alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative actions. Using nano-gel delivery has the potential to improve bioavailability of these compounds. Objective: To synthesize evidence found from preclinical research (rat) on J. curcas latex–based bioactive nano-gel for maxillofacial wound healing (2015–2025). Methods: Protocol registered in PROSPERO (ID: to be added). Reporting follows PRISMA 2020. Databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct (2015–2025). Eligibility : rat models of cutaneous/oral–maxillofacial wounds treated with J. curcas latex formulations (nano-gel prioritized), reporting healing outcomes. Risk of bias: SYRCLE. Results: Seven studies were identified that fulfilled the criteria of this review ; several instances showed accelerated wound contraction, epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen maturation compared to control ; report indicated the substance possessed antimicrobial properties effective against a range of disease causing microorganism ; application of nano/herbal gel consistently improved performance in comparable systems (contextual evidence). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the potential of J. curcas latex nano-gel for healing maxillofacial wounds in rats and its clinical application needs standardized formulations and further well-designed animal studies and translational trials.