Perception of Local Community on Socioeconomic Benefits and Hydrological Impact of Eucalyptus Tree in Amuru District, Oromia, Ethiopia

The study, conducted in Amuru District, Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, assessed the local community's perceptions of the socioeconomic benefits and hydrological impacts of eucalyptus trees. In this study a cross-sectional survey design was used as research design, which combined quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, with four kebeles purposively selected based on their potential for eucalyptus cultivation. A total of 140 eucalyptus growers were chosen through simple random sampling and proportional allocation, and the data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.The findings revealed that farmers prefer growing eucalyptus over native species to cover expenses such as government taxes, school fees, construction needs, and community contributions. “Eucalyptus plantations in the district have increased by 96% over the past decade, expanding from 28.375 hectares in 2014 to 745.654 hectares in 2023. Nearly 99.3% of respondents reported cultivating eucalyptus for its socioeconomic benefits, while only 0.7% did so for soil and water conservation. Specifically, 58.6% use eucalyptus for home construction, 87.14% sell eucalyptus wood for products, and 71.4% primarily use it for fuel. Eucalyptus trees are highly valued, with 59.8% of respondents having production experience and 87.2% viewing them as a remedy for ailments, a symbol of modern savings, and a divine gift, serving as a source of livelihood and financial security. However, 40.2% of growers reported negative effects, such as drying of nearby water sources, when eucalyptus is planted near water bodies, swamps, and wetlands. The study concludes that eucalyptus significantly improves livelihoods and remains a valuable resource, but improper management, rather than the tree’s biological characteristics, is the primary cause of adverse effects. To maximize socioeconomic benefits and minimize environmental impacts, land users and growers should focus on planting eucalyptus in appropriate locations, such as degraded lands, steep slopes, and roadsides, while ensuring proper management practices.