Pentoxifylline-Loaded Liposome Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Release Kinetics: Box-Behnken Design-Based Optimization.

Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative with potent anti-inflammatory properties, suffers from a short half-life and limited bioavailability. PTX-loaded liposomes were systematically created and refined using BBD to overcome these limitations. Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and hydration volume were used as independent variables for the synthesis of liposomes. Significant quality characteristics were encapsulation efficiency (EE%), polydispersity index (PDI), and particle size. Particle sizes of 110–215 nm, values of PDI (0.20–0.35), and a maximum EE% of 84.23% were all presented in the optimized formulation. Successful encapsulation and compatibility of the drug were verified by FTIR analysis. According to first-order kinetics, in vitro release tests showed regulated, 72-hour continuous release with approximately 60% of the total amount of drug released. Anomalous transport mechanisms were identified using Korsmeyer-Peppas modelling (n = 0.61). The BBD strategy for efficient liposomal formulation optimization with potential for improved therapeutic delivery was validated by statistical models with excellent fit.