Seroprevalence of dengue virus infection and associated risk factors in a malaria-endemic country : a community-based cross-sectional survey in Burkina Faso

Background Epidemiological data on dengue remain limited in west African settings. To support policymakers with robust evidence on the burden of dengue, this study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of dengue infection and to identify its potential risk factors. Methods We conducted a nationwide, community-based cross-sectional survey in May 2022 in all the Burkina Faso 13 regions, including both urban and rural areas. A multistage stratified cluster sampling design was used to select participants aged ≥ 5 years. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and blood samples. Anti-dengue IgG antibodies were detected using a rapid diagnostic test. Weighted analyses accounted for the complex survey design, and multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with dengue seropositivity. Results Overall DENV IgG seroprevalence was 45% (95% CI: 42–48) and was consistently higher in urban areas (52%) than in rural areas (26%). Seroprevalence varied geographically, ranging from 12% in the East region to 62% in the Centre region, and was highest in moderate climate zones (55%). In multivariable analysis, urban residence was significantly associated with seropositivity (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.8). Increasing age showed a strong association, with the highest odds among participants aged ≥ 55 years (aOR 12.1, 95% CI: 7.4–20.1). Conclusion Findings indicate moderate-intensity dengue transmission in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the country is not currently eligible for WHO dengue vaccine implementation. On the other hand, adults population residing in urban areas may need dengue vaccination programmes.