The Relationship Between FoMO, Social Comparison, and Depression in the Context of Instagram Use

Introduction: Frequent Instagram use is linked to increased FoMO and social comparison, both of which may contribute to depression. This study explores how usage patterns relate to FoMO, comparison types, and depressive symptoms. Methods. Cross-sectional data were collected from 449 adults living in Turkey using a personal information form and the FoMO, social comparison and Beck Depression scales. The predictive relationships between the variables were then tested using descriptive statistics, reliability analyses, group comparisons and multiple regression models. Results: Spending more time on Instagram significantly increases feelings of FOMO, social comparison and depression, particularly among those who use the platform intensively. Analyses showed that upward social comparison and FoMO significantly predicted higher depression scores, whereas downward social comparison had a protective effect. Additionally, although young adults, singles and students are more vulnerable groups, a focus on sharing reinforces feelings of FOMO and social comparison. Discussion: This study shows that social comparison in digital environments creates intense cognitive cycles that weaken young users' self-perception. It is understood that FOMO perpetuates this cycle, pressuring users to stay online constantly and increasing their psychological burden. In general, it is seen that Instagram's showcase-like structure transforms social media use from a superficial activity into a decisive psychosocial factor on subjective well-being. Conclusion : Based on the research findings, programmes focusing on psycho-education, digital awareness and social media literacy should be developed. These programmes should focus on themes such as FoMO, social comparison and digital well-being. Protective interventions should also be created for at-risk user groups.