Comparison of Maxillary Anterior Tooth Width with Facial Dimensions Among a Sample of the Yemeni Population

Background In restorative and prosthetic dentistry, achieving an aesthetic smile depends considerably on the harmonious relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and facial dimensions. While such correlations have been studied in various populations, data on Yemeni adults remain limited. Objective This study aims to analyze the correlation between the mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth and key facial measurements in a sample of Yemeni adults and evaluate the influence of age and gender on these relationships. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional anthropometric study was conducted on 170 Yemeni adults (85 males and 85 females) aged 20–41 years. Dental measurements were taken intraorally by using digital calipers. Facial parameters (bizygomatic width [BZW], interpupillary distance [IPD], inner and outer canthal distances, interalar width [IAW], intercommissural width [ICW], and philtrum width [PW]) were measured by using standardized digital photography and analyzed with ImageJ software. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, normality tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Spearman’s rank-order correlations. Results The study found high bilateral symmetry in the mean mesiodistal widths of maxillary anterior teeth, with no significant side differences (p > 0.05). Males had significantly larger tooth dimensions (p < 0.001), whereas age minimally affected measurements, with only the left central incisor differing between younger (20–31 years) and older (32–41 years) groups. Males also showed greater BZW, IPD, and ICD than females, whereas females had larger outer canthal distance and PW than males. In the combined sample, BZW (r = 0.249, p = 0.001) and IPD (r = 0.238, p = 0.002) were positively correlated with the CW of anterior teeth, whereas PW had a negative correlation (r = − 0.291, p < 0.001). Correlation patterns differed by age and gender, with notable negative associations in males and positive associations in females for certain parameters. Conclusion Maxillary anterior tooth dimensions in the Yemeni population exhibit significant gender-based variation. Key facial measurements, particularly BZW and IPD, demonstrate a correlative relationship with dental width and can serve as partial guides in prosthetic tooth selection. A gender-specific approach to using these anthropometric predictors is recommended to enhance aesthetic outcomes in dental rehabilitation.