Numerical modelling and performance analysis of high efficiency perovskite based solar cells for next generation photovoltaics

Perovskite materials have emerged as leading candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their superior optoelectronic properties, lightweight nature, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Single-junction solar cells face fundamental efficiency limits due to spectral losses and thermalization losses. To overcome these constraints, double absorber architectures have gained attention. This study introduces a novel double-absorber solar cell architecture utilizing Rb2LiInBr6 as the upper absorber and MASnI3 as the lower absorber, simulated using SCAPS-1D. The device is optimized by fine-tuning absorber layer thicknesses to achieve efficient charge carrier extraction and enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). A comprehensive investigation is conducted on the effects of electron transport layer selection, absorber thickness variations, temperature fluctuations, defect densities, and metal work functions on device performance. The optimized structure, FTO/SnS2/Rb2LiInBr6/MASnI3/CuO/Au, exhibits outstanding photovoltaic characteristics, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.1371 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 34.7112 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 82.21%, and a maximum PCE of 32.45%. Notably, an optimal MASnI3 thickness of ~1 μm significantly enhances performance, while increasing defect concentrations and temperature negatively impact efficiency, with stable operation maintained at 300 K. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a metal work function of 5.10 eV or higher is essential for efficient charge extraction. This study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance perovskite-based double absorber solar cells, paving the way for future advancements in photovoltaic technology.