Study on Influencing Factors of Health Management Behaviors Among the Elderly Based on the Health Belief Model: A Case Study of a Community in Nanning City

Objective To understand the status of cognition, attitudes, and health needs/behaviors regarding health management among elderly residents in communities of Nanning City, and to analyze the factors influencing their health management behaviors using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among elderly individuals (≥ 60 years) from a selected community in Nanning via convenience sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, employing univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. Results The overall average score of health beliefs was 3.42 ± 0.68, with perceived benefits (3.85 ± 0.72) and self-efficacy (3.12 ± 0.81) scoring highest (P < 0.05). Educational level (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.01–1.90), monthly income (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.01–1.72), chronic disease history (OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.03–2.23), perceived benefits (β = 0.42, P = 0.02), and self-efficacy (β = 0.48, P = 0.01) were independent predictors and positive drivers of health management behaviors. Conclusion The participation rate in health management is influenced by both health beliefs and socioeconomic factors. Strategies such as strengthening health education, optimizing service accessibility, and implementing self-efficacy interventions are recommended to promote behavior change.