Awareness, Use, and Perceived Accuracy of Generative AI Tools Among Antenatal Patients in Nigeria

Background: Generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly used to obtain health information, yet little is known about their adoption among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding awareness, access, and early patterns of use is important as AI-generated content becomes more integrated into digital health environments. Objective: The study aimed to assess awareness, access, and use of generative artificial intelligence tools for maternal health information among antenatal patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia in southeastern Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 pregnant women attending routine antenatal care. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires that captured sociodemographic characteristics, technology access, awareness and use of generative AI tools, and perceptions of accuracy and trust. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses were analyzed thematically. Results: The results showed that most respondents owned a smartphone (70.3%) and had internet access at home (60.2%). Daily internet use was common (44.2%). Despite this digital access, awareness of generative AI tools was low; only 32.1% had heard of ChatGPT or similar platforms, and 10% had ever used them for health questions. Among the few users, questions focused on nutrition, medication safety, and minor symptoms. Qualitative findings showed cautious attitudes toward AI. Many participants doubted the accuracy of AI-generated information, preferred clinician guidance, and viewed AI as useful only for quick clarifications rather than decision making. Conclusion: Although digital connectivity was high, generative AI use for maternal health information remained low, constrained by limited awareness and low trust. These findings highlight the need for targeted digital health literacy initiatives and clearer guidance on safe, appropriate use of AI tools in maternal health settings.