Preparation of magnetorheological elastomers and their application in mollusk-inspired bionic systems

This study focuses on the biomimetic design, structurally controllable fabrication, and performance regulation of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) for soft robotics applications. Firstly, by designing a 24-sided polygon orientation control fixture, we achieved precise preparation of magnetic particle chain structures at a series of key angles, including 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the MRE microstructure exhibited well-defined chain-like features. Based on this, the dynamic mechanical properties of 50% MRE iron powder with varying carbonyl angles were tested using a rheometer. Finally, MRE was applied to biomimetic designs for manta ray tail fin undulations and chameleon tongue curling. Research findings indicate that chain orientation exerts a significant regulatory effect on the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G''), complex viscosity (|η*|), and loss factor (tanδ). Through spatial programming of gradient components and orientation distribution, MREs prepared under a uniform magnetic field drive can successfully reproduce continuous biomimetic motion that closely matches biological prototypes.