Development and Validation of the Diabetic Neuropathy Short Form 11 Questionnaire to Assess Quality of Life in Indonesia

Diabetic neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes, significantly impairs quality of life by causing pain, numbness, and weakness, which disrupt daily activities and overall well-being. Despite its prevalence, there is a notable shortage of comprehensive tools to evaluate the quality of life in these patients. Developing a specific questionnaire is crucial for understanding patient experiences, monitoring disease progression, and assessing treatment effectiveness. The process includes a literature review, content validation using the Delphi method and Content Validity Index (CVI), and statistical validation through a pilot study. The developed questionnaire, consisting of 11 questions across five dimensions, was tested in 40 participants and showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha of 0.883). The study confirmed its reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing the quality of life in diabetic neuropathy patients. Convergent validity, demonstrated by high Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values and robust outer loadings, and discriminant validity, shown by acceptable Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) values, further validate the questionnaire's effectiveness. Models analysis by Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) also revealed moderate predictive power for Vitality, highlighting its significant impact on Mental Health outcomes. It suggests that improving Physical Function and Therapy Impact can positively influence Vitality and Mental Health.