Effects of ChatGPT-Based Artificial Intelligence Training on Artificial Intelligence Literacy, Attitudes, and Acceptance Among Midwifery Students: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background: The increasing role of artificial intelligence technologies in health education and clinical practice makes understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and readiness levels of future healthcare professionals in this field increasingly important. This study aimed to examine the effects of a short-term artificial intelligence (AI) training program on midwifery students’ attitudes, literacy, and acceptance levels regarding AI. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive understanding of how students perceive and integrate AI within professional contexts, supported by qualitative data. Methods: The study was conducted using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. In the quantitative phase, a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was applied. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with purposefully selected students. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and correlation analysis. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data.atır Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in students’ attitudes and acceptance of AI after the training ( p <0.01), while changes in AI literacy scores were positive but not statistically significant. Qualitative findings revealed that students perceived AI as a supportive tool, reported reduced ethical concerns after the training, and expressed increased self-confidence in using AI tools. The training enhanced students’ engagement with AI; however, the development of deep AI literacy was found to require repeated and practice-based learning experiences. Conclusion: Short-term AI trainings foster positive attitudes and acceptance among midwifery students, laying a critical foundation for the development of AI literacy. Therefore, it is essential to integrate AI into health education curricula through pedagogically structured, practice-oriented, and ethically grounded training modules that align with the principles of human-centered care Clinical trial number Not applicable.