TRENDS, DIFFERENTIALS AND DETERMINANTS OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG URBAN POOR WOMEN IN NIGERIA

Background Understanding the trends and determinants of modern contraceptive use among urban-poor women is crucial for addressing disparities in family planning services. This study analyzed the prevalence of modern contraceptive use from 2011 to 2021, assessed socio-economic and demographic differentials, identified key drivers, and evaluated the interactive effects of these determinants. The aim was to provide evidence-based insights into the trends and determinants of contraceptive use among urban-poor women in Nigeria. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, secondary data from the Nigeria UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) for 2011, 2016-17, and 2021 were analyzed. The sample consisted of women in metropolitan areas within the poorest and poor wealth quintiles. Data analysis involved univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results The prevalence of current contraceptive use declined from 14.6% in 2011 to 6.1% in 2016-17, then increased to 12.8% in 2021. Ever-use rose from 3.2% in 2016-17 to 7.1% in 2021. Age, marital status, childbirth history, and region significantly influenced ever-use, while age, education, and region of residence influenced current use across all survey periods. Ethnicity, media exposure significantly influences ever-use and current use, while spousal age difference influenced current use. The interactive effects of socio-demographic and intervening variables were strongly associated with contraceptive use, in 2016-17 and 2021 surveys. Conclusions The findings revealed dynamic trends and persistent socio-economic disparities in contraceptive use among urban-poor women. Despite some progress in recent years, the study highlights the need for targeted interventions addressing demographic and socio-economic determinants to improve access to family planning services.