Experimental Study on the Performance of an Enhanced Smoke Detector

Fire accidents continue to pose significant risks to households, schools, and communities, making early detection essential for minimizing damage and saving lives. This study introduces an enhanced prototype smoke detector designed to integrate multiple sensing capabilities—smoke, gas, and fire detection—into a single unit. The system is equipped with LED indicators and sound alarms, providing both visual and auditory alerts to ensure timely awareness. By combining these features, the prototype offers a more affordable and comprehensive safety solution compared to conventional single-sensor devices. The research evaluates the prototype’s performance across several critical parameters, including detection distance, detection speed, sensitivity to varying smoke concentrations, and effective coverage area within a controlled room environment. Results demonstrate that the system responds reliably within short distances and maintains extended detection capabilities at longer ranges, highlighting its potential for broader applications. Sensitivity tests further reveal that the detector can adapt to different smoke densities, ensuring responsiveness under diverse fire scenarios. Despite these promising outcomes, the study acknowledges certain limitations. Material availability restricted the refinement of components, and the absence of commercial-grade certification prevents immediate large-scale deployment. Nonetheless, these constraints do not diminish the value of the prototype as a proof of concept. Lastly, the findings underscore the importance of developing accessible, multi-sensor detection devices that can strengthen fire safety awareness and preparedness. Such innovations hold particular relevance for households, educational institutions, and community-based programs, where affordable and reliable safety systems can significantly reduce risks and enhance resilience.