Pathways to Self-Reliance: An Exploratory Study of the Experiences and Legal Structures of Urban Refugees in Kampala, Uganda

Refugees flee their countries to escape conflict, violence, or persecution, seeking safety elsewhere. Uganda exemplifies progressive refugee policies, with refugees primarily residing in rural settlements and more than 150,000 in urban areas, particularly Kampala. This influx largely stems from instability in neighboring states driven by political violence, climate change, and terrorism. This qualitative study examines urban refugees in Kampala through three main questions: How do they experience self-reliance? What improvements can be made to self-reliance policies? What impact do legal frameworks have on local integration? Findings indicate that self-reliance is viewed as a practical solution that fosters independence and self-esteem among refugees. They engage in legitimate income-generating activities, such as trading, to meet financial needs and feel at home. Self-reliance is supported by NGOs such as the Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) through initiatives, including Refugee Host for Empowerment (ReHoPe), which is part of the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), thereby promoting self-reliance and local integration. Legal structures are influenced by political will, exemplified by the Refugee Act of 2006, which outlines refugees' rights and fosters coexistence with host communities while addressing minor conflicts. Some urban refugees connect with local hosts through intermarriage and business. Still, more sensitization is needed to improve host attitudes, as some display ignorance or disrespect toward newcomers from unstable democracies.