Exploring the Experiences of Sexual Dysfunction Among Adult Hypertensive Males on Beta-blockers in Karachi: An Exploratory Descriptive Study

Background Hypertension is a major global health issue, and beta-blockers are commonly prescribed for its management. However, these medications are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction, which can severely impact quality of life, emotional well-being, and medication adherence. In conservative societies like Pakistan, sexual health remains a culturally sensitive and rarely discussed topic. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of sexual dysfunction among adult hypertensive males on beta-blockers in Karachi. Methods An exploratory descriptive qualitative study was conducted at a tertiary cardiac care hospital in Karachi. Ten hypertensive males aged 30–50 years, on beta-blockers for at least six months, were purposively recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Urdu, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Trustworthiness was ensured through Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Findings Four major themes were extracted: (1) emotional and psychological impact of hypertension diagnosis; (2) sexual dysfunction attributed to beta-blockers; (3) communication barriers about sexual health; and (4) coping strategies, barriers, and recommendations. Participants reported that erectile dysfunction reduced libido, caused emotional distress, non-adherence to medication, and a lack of proactive sexual health counseling. Conclusions Sexual dysfunction is a significant but unaddressed side effect of beta-blocker therapy among hypertensive males in Pakistan. It contributes to emotional distress, relationship strain, and poor medication adherence. Integrating sexual health counseling into routine hypertension care, adopting patient-centered communication, and considering alternative medications with fewer sexual side effects could improve holistic patient outcomes.