Detection of single nucleotide variation diseases using DNA logic gates based on strand displacement technology

Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) are important for various genetic and familial diseases. Rapid and accurate detection is highly important for the early diagnosis of diseases and precise medical treatment. To address the limitations of traditional SNV detection methods in terms of specificity, efficiency, and cost, this study constructed a system based on dynamic DNA nanotechnology(DDN), which uses DNA strand displacement reactions (TDSMs) as the core and employs DNA logic gates and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reactions to screen and recognize mutant sequences and perform signal amplification. Through the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's syndrome (PD), and familial renal tubular acidosis-related loci (RTA), this system can effectively distinguish mutant from wild-type sequences and achieve efficient detection of multiple-site single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in a single reaction system. The experimental results show that the DNA logic gate driven by TDSM and the CHA reaction can significantly improve the detection specificity and sensitivity, enabling rapid and reliable screening of variations. This method does not require complex enzymatic reactions and has the advantages of flexible design, low cost, good stability, and easy scalability. This method has good application potential in the screening and molecular diagnosis of SNVs related to multiple diseases and provides a new technical solution for developing efficient and scalable SNV detection and library construction strategies in the future.