Public Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Premarital Screening and Genetic Counseling: A Mixed-Methods Study in Egypt

Background Premarital screening and genetic counseling (PMSGC) help identify hereditary and infectious conditions before marriage. In Egypt, many people know about PMSGC, but there are still misunderstandings about what it covers, especially regarding childhood development and complex neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Aim This study looked at how much people know about PMSGC and their attitudes toward it. It also explored the social, ethical, and practical factors that affect whether Egyptian adults accept and use these services. Methods The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, 406 adults completed questionnaires assessing their knowledge and attitudes toward PMSGC. The researchers used statistical methods to examine links among background factors, knowledge, and attitudes. Then, 20 selected participants participated in interviews, and their responses were analyzed for common themes. The results from both parts were combined during the analysis. Results Although most participants reported prior awareness of PMSGC (92%), detailed knowledge of most participants (92%) had heard of PMSGC, but many did not know exactly which conditions are included in the national program or what genetic testing can and cannot do. Only 41% could correctly name the screened conditions. While most people had a positive view of PMSGC, interviews showed that many saw it mainly as a required step for marriage, not as a chance for helpful counseling. Cultural beliefs, fear of stigma, worries about relationship stability, and limited access to counseling were major barriers to real engagement. Knowledge gaps and sociocultural barriers. Conclusion PMSGC should be framed as a tool for informed reproductive decision-making rather than as a means of preventing complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetic counselors, nurses, and primary healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in delivering culturally sensitive, non-directive counseling and in improving public understanding of the realistic benefits and limitations of premarital genetic services.