Physical Activity and Psychological Resilience in University Students: Evidence From a Moderated Mediation Framework

Background and Objective Engaging in physical activity is closely linked to psychological resilience among university students; however, the underlying pathways remain uncertain. This study investigates depression as a mediating factor and social support as a moderating influence on this association, offering deeper insight into the psychological mechanisms at play. Methods A self-reported survey was conducted among 1,112 university students evaluating physical activity, depression, psychological resilience, and social support. Descriptive and correlational analyses were carried out, followed by the development of a moderated mediation framework. Results Physical activity demonstrated a positive relationship with both psychological resilience and social support but showed an inverse correlation with depression. Depression exhibited a strong negative association with both psychological resilience and social support, while the latter two variables were positively interrelated. Additionally, depression functioned as a partial mediator between physical activity and psychological resilience, whereas social support modulated the connection between physical activity and depression. Conclusion This research enhances understanding of the psychological pathways linking physical activity and resilience in university students. Depression plays a mediating role in this process, while social support influences the extent of physical activity’s impact on depression. These findings emphasize the importance of both depression and social support in shaping the interaction between physical activity and psychological resilience, providing meaningful insights for targeted mental health strategies.