Counteracting Immunosenescence: Effects of Biomodulina T® on B-1a Lymphocytes in Older Cuban Adults

Introduction: B1a lymphocytes are components of the innate immune response that maintain their population through self-renewal, a process that declines with age. Objective To evaluate the effect of Biomodulina T® (BT) on B1a lymphocyte subpopulations in older Cuban adults. Methods In this non-randomized clinical trial, 30 institutionalized adults aged ≥ 60 years received intramuscular BT (3 mg) twice weekly for six weeks. B1a lymphocyte subpopulations (CD19⁺CD5⁺, CD20⁺CD5⁺, and CD19⁺CD20⁺) were quantified by flow cytometry at baseline, six weeks, and six months post-treatment. Results The median percentages and absolute counts of B1a CD5⁺CD20⁺ lymphocytes increased after six weeks of treatment with BT (0.96 vs. 2.11, SD 6.02 vs. 2.38) and (17.02 vs. 40.58, SD 80.09 vs. 39.70), with statistical significance (p = 0.026 and p = 0.014, respectively). In contrast, the percentage and absolute count of lymphocytes coexpressing CD19⁺ and CD20⁺ antigens decreased after six weeks of BT treatment (4.87 vs. 1.94, SD 4.69 vs. 4.57) and (88.48 vs. 31.03, SD 62.14 vs. 65.54), with statistical significance (p = 0.014 and p = 0.018, respectively). Six months after completing the treatment, both the percentage and absolute count of these cells continued to increase (4.87 vs. 8.47, SD 4.69 vs. 26.69) and (88.48 vs. 173.5, SD 62.14 vs. 323.8), reaching statistical significance (p = 0.012 and p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions BT exerts an immunomodulatory effect on B1a lymphocytes in older adults, with partial persistence six months after treatment, suggesting potential benefits in preventing age-related immune decline.