Iron Deficiency Anemia: A major public health challenge in Nepal

Background : Micronutrient deficiency undermines physical growth, immune function, maternal health, and cognitive development of children. Iron deficiency anemia has been one of the alarming health challenges around the world. In Nepal, mostly children, adolescents, and women of their reproductive age are the most vulnerable population. Methods : This review was conducted using a structured search strategy to identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidence from the primary research articles, government reports, and authoritative public health resources. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar by using relevant keywords. Government data and statistics were collected from official websites. Results : In Nepal, the burden of anemia is highest among children under five and women of childbearing age. The prevalence of anemia among women living in the Terai ecological region is comparatively higher than women living in the Hilly and the Mountain ecological region in Nepal. Poor dietary habits and food insecurity have been the main reasons for the rising burden of anemia. Iron supplementation and fortification are some effective interventions. However, gaps persist in the effective implementation of policies, evidence-based interventions, and research targeting specific groups. Conclusion : Addressing the growing challenges of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia requires a formulation of strategic planning, including biomedical, agricultural, and policy-level interventions to achieve sustainable development in public health.