Orbital Cellulitis as a Complication of Acute Rhinosinusitis of Odontogenic Origin in a patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background Orbital cellulitis is a potentially sight- and life-threatening condition most commonly secondary to acute rhinosinusitis. Odontogenic orbital cellulitis is rare and often under-recognized, with nonspecific presentations that may delay diagnosis. Prompt identification and multidisciplinary management are critical to prevent visual and systemic complications. We present a case of orbital cellulitis as a complication of acute rhinosinusitis of odontogenic origin in a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta. Case presentation A 27-year-old female with amelogenesis imperfecta presented with progressive left periorbital swelling, pain, and decreased vision over five days’ duration. She reported suffering from toothache a few days prior to ocular symptoms. Clinical evaluation and imaging revealed pre-septal and orbital cellulitis secondary to acute rhinosinusitis of odontogenic origin, complicated by subperiosteal abscess formation. Immediate surgical intervention included endoscopic sinus debridement and incision and drainage of preseptal abscess followed by the extraction of the culprit tooth. Concurrent use of intravenous antibiotics led to complete resolution of symptoms with preservation of vision. Conclusions This case underscores the necessity of early recognition of odontogenic sources of orbital cellulitis and the critical role of coordinated multidisciplinary management. Prompt surgical drainage and targeted therapy can lead to favorable visual and systemic outcomes, even in severe presentations.