Intracellular mineralization of myofibrils via CaP ion cluster as precursor for bone regeneration

Imitating the structure of bones has already attracted great attentions, but the complex hierarchical structure and unique organic-inorganic interface of bones have remained sophisticated to replicate to this day. Here, utilizing the naturally muscles with hierarchical structures as the template and CaP ion clusters as the mineralization precursors, we successfully achieved intracellular mineralization and fabricated a CaP-muscle scaffold for bone defect repair. Based on the hydrogen bond interactions between proteins and CaP ion clusters, the CaP phase in mineralized muscle can maintain an amorphous state even when ethanol and TEA have completely evaporated. Through various indicators, it has been verified that this type of CaP-muscle scaffold can effectively promote the repair process of large bone defects.