Analysis of factors influencing adolescents' and young people's perceptions of female genital mutilation in the Boké region, Guinea, in 2024

Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a deeply rooted tradition in Guinea, particularly in the Boké region. Recognized by the World Health Organization as a violation of human rights, this practice necessitates targeted interventions informed by a clear understanding of local perceptions. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing how adolescents and young people (aged 10-24) perceive FGM in Boké. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 20 to December 4, 2024, across nine localities in the Boké administrative region. A sample of 1,623 adolescents and young people was surveyed using standardized questionnaires administered via REDCap. Statistical analyses, performed with R software, included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis (chi-square test), and correspondence analysis (CA) to explore the relationships between perceptions and sociodemographic factors. Results: A significant majority of respondents (80%) perceive FGM as a necessary tradition. This view is particularly prevalent in urban areas (87%) and among high school students (93%). Conversely, 20% of participants, predominantly rural adolescents, advocate for its abandonment. The CA revealed nuanced profiles: young, unmarried rural individuals are most opposed to FGM. In contrast, perceptions among young, unmarried urban individuals are divergent. While young urban women tend to see a positive impact, young urban men are more likely to view it as a violation of human rights. Conclusion: This study reveals a paradoxical reinforcement of FGM support among urban and more educated youth in the Boké region, challenging conventional assumptions. Our findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen educational initiatives, particularly in rural areas, and to tailor public policies to the socio-cultural specificities of Boké. Interventions must address the distinct perceptions of different sociodemographic profiles to effectively promote the gradual abandonment of FGM.