Portable magnetic adsorbent self-assembly coupled with effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for rapid detection of pyrethroid residues in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat

An innovative magnetic effervescence-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (MEALLE) method was developed for rapid pyrethroid detection in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ( C. morifolium ). Effervescent tablets (CO ₂ /H ⁺ donors, Fe ₃ O ₄ , carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes) were prepared via one-pot synthesis. During extraction, the tablet was introduced into C. morifolium powder that had been moistened with acidified acetonitrile as the extracting agent. By integrating effervescence, salting-out, and magnetic aggregation, this method simplified the sample preparation steps, eliminated vortexing/centrifugation, and reduced total time to approximately 3 min. Coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), it showed excellent linearity (R ² > 0.998), sensitivity (limits of quantifications: 1.5-4.1 μg·kg ^-1 ), accuracy (recovery: 73.9-108.7 %), and precision (relative standard deviations < 5.7%). The application of MEALLE to commercial C. morifolium validated its robustness and versatility. Overall, this approach offers a time-effectiveness, equipment-independent solution for pesticide residue analysis, serving as a valuable tool for ensuring the safety of processed floral products.