Analysis of the influencing factors of team safety culture in non-public tertiary general hospitals

Background With the rapid development of non-public tertiary general hospitals in China, the construction of team safety culture has become a priority to narrow the gap with public hospitals in terms of patient safety management, however, the current driving factors have not been identified. To evaluate the current status of team safety culture in a non-public tertiary general hospital and identify key influencing factors, thereby providing a scientific basis for targeted safety culture enhancement. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 840 medical staff in a non-public tertiary general hospital from June to August 2025. Stratified cluster sampling was adopted, with stratification first performed according to clinical departments, followed by cluster sampling, with each department treated as a sampling cluster. Team safety culture was assessed using the Chinese version of the Hospital Patient Safety Culture Survey Scale, which includes six dimensions and 39 items. One-way analysis of variance was applied for the preliminary comparison of the total mean patient safety culture scores across medical staff with different characteristics. Statistically significant variables from the one-way analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent factors affecting the perception of patient safety culture. Department type, working tenure, and professional category were taken as the core independent variables, and their impacts on the perception of team patient safety culture were evaluated. Results The overall positive response rate for team safety culture was 66.65%. “Managerial Support for Patient Safety” (77.70%), “Colleague Collaboration” (76.15%), and “Communication” (75.43%) were strengths, whereas “Staff Recognition of Hospital Safety Culture” (58.21%) and “Incident Reporting” (66.47%) were weaknesses. Multivariate analysis identified department as an independent influencing factor. Medical staff in critical care (OR = 0.42), laboratory (OR = 0.25), and platform departments (OR = 0.49) had significantly lower safety culture perception (P < 0.05). Conclusion Team safety culture in the non-public tertiary general hospital is at a moderate level, with marked departmental differences. Future interventions should prioritize fostering a non-punitive reporting environment, improving staffing in high-risk units, and strengthening interdepartmental communication and collaboration to enhance the overall patient safety culture climate.