Uncovering the role of clean energy in empowering women in G-20 Countries

Access to clean energy is critical for driving sustainable economic development. It helps achieving green growth process by reducing emission level in the economy. This study explores the impact of clean energy access on women’s empowerment within G-20 countries, focusing on the intersection of sustainable development goals (SDGs), gender equality, and environmental sustainability. The research investigates how access to clean cooking fuel, electricity, and sanitation influences key indicators of women's empowerment-Female Human Development Index (HDIF), Gender Development Index (GDI), and Gender Inequality Index (GII). Utilizing panel data from 2000 to 2021, the study applies fixed and random effects models to examine causal relationships, considering control variables such as GDP per capita, female income, urbanization, trade openness, and FDI. Results reveal that improved access to clean energy and sanitation positively impacts HDIF and GDI, while reducing GII, highlighting the critical role of clean fuel in promoting women’s health, education, and economic participation. The findings underscore that energy poverty disproportionately affects women, leading to adverse health and socio-economic outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for gender-responsive energy policies to achieve SDG 5 (gender equality) and SDG 7 (clean energy). It advocates for targeted interventions in G-20 countries to ensure equitable energy access, ultimately fostering women’s empowerment and contributing to broader sustainable development goals.