The Nexus Between Energy Consumption, Population, and Economic Growth: A Comparative study OECD Countries and Tunisia

This paper investigates the relationship between energy consumption, population, and economic growth in 18 OECD countries and Tunisia over the period 1990–2020. Using panel data and applying Swamy’s Random Coefficients Model and Seemingly Unrelated Regression models, the study finds that economic growth positively influences energy consumption, and energy consumption contributes positively to growth in both groups. However, population does not significantly affect energy consumption in these countries. The findings highlight important insights into the energy-growth dynamics for OECD countries and Tunisia, providing useful evidence for energy policy and sustainable development planning.