Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Disease Clustering in a Thai Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cardiometabolic disorders, including hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity (OB), represent a significant health burden in Thailand, yet community-level evidence on their clustering remains limited. This cross-sectional study of 720 adults in Sing Buri Province examined the prevalence, risk factors, and interrelationships of these conditions. Results revealed a high cardiometabolic burden, with prevalence rates of 83.75%, 42.22% and 40.42% for HTN, DM and OB, respectively. Binary logistic regression identified that HTN was independently associated with older age (≥ 60 years), non-bland food preferences, and physical inactivity. DM risk increased with age and male sex, while alcohol consumption showed an inverse association. Conversely, OB was more prevalent among younger adults. Analyzing correlation, Cramer’s V demonstrated significant disease clustering, particularly between OB and HTN (V = 0.1815, p < 0.001), OB and DM (V = 0.1669, p < 0.001), and a moderate association between HTN and DM (V = 0.2092, p < 0.001). These findings highlight obesity as a central link in disease co-occurrence. The study underscores the necessity for integrated, community-based prevention strategies. Such interventions should prioritize lifestyle modifications and age-specific approaches, fostering collaboration between families, schools, and communities to effectively mitigate cardiometabolic risk in the Thai population.