Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Physical Activity Questionnaire Among Hausa Older Adults

The Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Questionnaire is a widely used and validated tool for assessing physical activity in older adults. However, this instrument was developed and validated in Western contexts, limiting its cultural relevance and applicability to diverse populations. Therefore, this study aims to translate and culturally adapt the CHAMPS questionnaire in Hausa-speaking older adults in Nigeria and evaluate its content validity. We followed Beaton’s adaptation process and COSMIN protocols which include forward translation, synthesis of forward translation, back translation, expert review, and prefinal testing. A total of 20 older adults participated in the prefinal phase by completing the CHAMPS-Hausa version to explore their comprehensibility and clarity of the CHAMPS-Hausa version. In addition, content validity was assessed through cognitive debriefing with 10 of the participants. This involves the use of semi-structured interviews to probe their interpretation of the items, response choices, and recall period. We summarized the all-related activity, moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity and walking. Through this process, 18 items were replaced with culturally acceptable and relevant activities. While we also considered if the MET values of the replaced items were equivalent to the new items according to the Compendium of Physical Activities. A structured and iterative process produced a culturally relevant CHAMPS questionnaire with acceptable content validity among older adults who speak-Hausa. Further psychometric analysis of the CHAMPS-Hausa is needed such as reliability, construct and criterion validity.