Temperature Variation with Altitude Across Selected Buildings at Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria

This study investigated temperature variation with altitude across selected buildings at Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, focusing on thermal comfort implications in a tropical savanna climate. Three multi-storey buildings (Social Science, Girls Hostel, Science) were monitored during February (dry season), June (early rainy), and September (late rainy). Vertical temperature profiles revealed significant thermal stratification, particularly during dry season. February data showed upper floors reaching 38.9°C versus ground floors (32-33°C), with vertical gradients reaching 1.1°C. Rainy season conditions moderated temperatures (maximum 31.5°C) and reduced stratification to 0.3°C due to cloud cover and reduced solar radiation. The findings demonstrate that building height significantly exacerbates heat stress on upper floors during dry periods. The study recommends passive cooling strategies—including roof insulation, reflective surfaces, and cross-ventilation for climate-responsive building design to improve occupant comfort and energy efficiency in educational structures.