Assessing the physicochemical profile and presence of Escherichia coli on water from hand water pumps in selected areas in Central Mindanao, Philippines

Water is a basic natural resource for human well-being and survival. However, many communities still face challenges related to water quality. The study aimed to 1) assess the physicochemical parameters of water samples from various hand water pumps, namely pH, nitrate, nitrite, mercury, lead, iron, copper, fluoride, chromium, and total dissolved solids; 2) determine the presence of E. coli in the water samples; and 3) compare the results with Standards set by the Department of Health (Administrative Order No. 2017-0010) in order to determine compliance with safe drinking water regulations. The data collected from the physicochemical and microbial tests were analyzed and compared with the maximum allowable levels (MAL) set by the Department of Health (Administrative Order No. 2017-0010): Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water of 2017. Data revealed that all locations maintained acceptable pH values while location 2 has reached beyond the maximum allowable limit for nitrates and showed detectable mercury levels. None of the locations has been positive form lead, while iron levels were within the safe limits. However, copper was high in every location. Further, it also showed that location 3 had high levels of E.coli contaminations. This evidence was shared with relevant authorities for timely consideration. The study presents the need for improved access to clean drinking water, regular monitoring of water quality, and community health education to improve the health outcomes of the vulnerable communities.