Knowledge, Awareness, and Health-Seeking Behaviour Regarding Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Female Adolescents in Riverine Communities of Abuja, Nigeria

Background The success of programs to control Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) like schistosomiasis is heavily dependent on the knowledge and health behaviors of affected populations. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and health-seeking behaviors regarding urinary schistosomiasis among female adolescents, a key demographic, in riverine communities of Abuja, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 female adolescents (aged 10–19) in Gui Ward, Abuja, selected via a multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic data and specific knowledge about urinary schistosomiasis, including awareness of the disease, its transmission, symptoms, and prevention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The study revealed a profound lack of knowledge. Only 27.3% (82/300) of respondents had ever heard of schistosomiasis. Among those aware, only 14.6% (12/82) knew the correct mode of transmission (contact with contaminated water). A significant misconception was the belief that the disease is transmitted by drinking contaminated water, which was the most frequently mentioned mode of transmission (39%). There was a significant association between this misconception and infection status (p = 0.048). Despite low awareness, symptoms were common, but health-seeking from formal healthcare facilities was suboptimal. Conclusion Limited knowledge and misconceptions about urinary schistosomiasis hinder control efforts among female adolescents in Nigerian communities, increasing vulnerability and transmission. There is an urgent need for targeted health education programs in schools and communities that address local misconceptions and integrate with WaSH improvements and mass drug administration.