Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 2.0: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Patient safety culture is a key determinant of healthcare quality and patient outcomes. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 2.0 (HSOPSC 2.0), developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, has been widely used internationally; however, its psychometric properties have not been fully validated in mainland China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical staff in a tertiary public hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 560 valid questionnaires were analyzed. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α and split-half reliability. Construct validity was evaluated through item–dimension correlations, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.942, with dimension-specific α values ranging from 0.657 to 0.914. The overall split-half reliability coefficient was 0.862. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.938, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.001), indicating suitability for factor analysis. EFA extracted ten factors explaining 74.424% of the total variance. CFA results demonstrated acceptable to good model fit after item adjustment (χ²/df = 2.890, GFI = 0.923, RMSEA = 0.058), showing improved structural validity compared with the original model. Conclusions The Chinese version of the HSOPSC 2.0 demonstrates good reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing patient safety culture in Chinese hospitals. This validated instrument may support healthcare institutions in identifying safety culture gaps and guiding targeted patient safety improvement strategies.