Characterization of Monatélé-Sanaga river sand (Center Region, Cameroon) and chamotte: Their combination with recycled plastic waste for an experimental processing of composite-polymer-roofing tiles
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This study determines the grain size distribution parameters, specific gravity, apparent density, and major oxide composition of Monatélé-Sanaga river sand and chamotte, uses the characterized raw materials and PET plastic waste to experimentally process composite roofing tiles. The grain size distribution parameters (fineness modulus; 2.94, uniformity coefficient: 3.6, and curvature coefficient: 1.36), specific gravity (2.59 g/cm 3 ), and apparent density (1.60 g/cm 3 ) for Monatélé Sanaga river sand show that the studied is medium to coarse-grained, not well sorted with slightly low-density sand suitable for its use in concrete production. The oxide composition shows the predominance SiO 2 (65.79 wt.%) followed by that of Al 2 O 3 (12.08 wt.%), K 2 O (4.1 wt.%), and CaO (1.3 wt.%); probably due to the presence of quartz and aluminosilicate minerals important for the production of roofing tiles. Particle size (made up of 45.6% of fine-grained particles, 37.6% of medium grained particles, and 16.8% coarse-grained particles), specific gravity (1.74 g/cm 3 ), and apparent density (1.26 g/cm 3 ) for crushed chamotte classifies it as fine to coarse-grained, very low-SG; and as lightweight insulating type. The oxide composition shows the predominance SiO 2 (64.94 wt.%). followed by that of Al 2 O 3 (12.7 wt.%), K 2 O (5.22 wt.%), and Na 2 O (1.27 wt.%); which classified It as low Al 2 O 3 and slightly high alkaline chamotte with possible presence of quartz and aluminosilicate minerals. The apparent density (2.12–1.64 g/cm 3 ) for test specimens shows a decrease with the increase in portion of plastic and chamotte. The water absorption (0-1.36%) places the formulated test specimens within the low water absorption type, closer to the premium tiles. The porosity (0 to 2.03%) lower than standard values for roofing tiles shows that the test specimens are less porous. The flexural strength (1.22–6.12 MPa) and compression strength (9.76–19.84 MPa) are more than standard values for concrete roofing tiles and ordinary clay roofing tiles, respectively; which therefore makes the test specimens good as high resistant roofing tiles.
