High Adsorption of Cationic and Anionic dyes onto chemically modified activated carbon derived from Agricultural waste: equilibrium isotherm and Kinetics study

Methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye, and Congo Red (CR), an anionic dye, were adsorbed from aqueous solution using activated carbons that were prepared from date pits, (date pits AC), biomass. These adsorbents surface chemistry was described using a variety of analytical methods, and the corresponding adsorption interactions were examined using the findings. The physicochemical parameters involved in the dye adsorption mechanism were interpreted through statistical physics calculations. In order to assess the adsorption behaviour of the biomass, batch adsorption studies were carried out and a number of parameters, including pH, initial concentration of the adsorbates, adsorbent dose, time, and temperature, were optimized. Results showed that the maximal uptakes of MB were 833 mg g ^− 1 at pH between 5.5 to 10 and 743 mg g ^− 1 for MB and CR at pH between 2 to 4.5 respectively. The pseudo-second-order model fit the kinetic data better, indicating a chemisorption mechanism for both of MB and CR dyes. The findings demonstrated that the inexpensive biomass has the potential to successfully remove both cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater.