A Gap Analysis of Nurses’ Research Competence and the Effectiveness of an Intervention Based on the SERVQUAL Model

Objective Based on the SERVQUAL model, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the gaps between nurses’ research competence and multidimensional reference standards, develop targeted intervention strategies, and assess the effectiveness of the intervention after a two-year implementation period. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was adopted. At baseline, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among nurses in a tertiary hospital using the Nurses’ Research Competence Self-Assessment Scale and the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire to assess their research competence. The SERVQUAL model was introduced to analyze the structural gaps between nurses’ research competence and relevant reference standards from managerial and service perspectives. A structured intervention program for enhancing nurses’ research competence was then developed and continuously implemented for two years. After the intervention, the same instruments were administered to reassess nurses’ research competence, and changes before and after the intervention were compared. Results Baseline findings indicated a generally low level of research competence among nurses. After two years of targeted research training and support, the total research competence score and scores across all dimensions were significantly higher than those before the intervention (P < 0.05), with an overall narrowing trend in research competence gaps. Conclusion Applying the SERVQUAL model to nurses’ research competence assessment facilitates the identification of critical weaknesses in research capacity development and provides a scientific basis for designing targeted interventions. Systematic and sustained research training programs can effectively enhance nurses’ research competence, reduce multidimensional gaps, and promote the integration of nursing research with clinical practice.