Intra-Ovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Poor Ovarian Response: A Comprehensive Review of Protocols, Safety, and Efficacy

Introduction With increasing attention on the use of intra-ovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with poor ovarian response, the efficacy of this method remains in question. Studies are still seeking more unified protocols to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of this method. Methods In the present review, a comprehensive search was conducted using four databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted from studies discussing the intra-ovarian injection of PRP in poor ovarian responders to assess discrepancies between their outcomes. Results The studies employed various characteristics and designs, different PRP preparation methods, diverse intra-ovarian injection techniques, and varied measurement parameters, leading to diverse outcomes. Conclusion Future randomized controlled trials should use standardized sample sizes and apply interventions to both groups. Candidates must be selected homogeneously, following specific inclusion criteria. Standardization of baseline and concentrated platelet levels, as well as PRP preparation methods, is essential. Intra-ovarian injection parameters, including PRP volume, use of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) or laparoscopy, injection site, timing, and administration frequency, should be tailored to patient characteristics. Prioritizing optimal stimulation protocols, the best interval post-PRP injection, and outcomes such as live birth rates is crucial for future studies and therapeutic efforts.