Zinc triflate catalyzed solvent free synthesis of coumarins
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The Pechmann condensation remains one of the most direct routes to coumarin frameworks; however, its efficiency is often compromised by harsh Brønsted acids or solvent effects. An expeditious and efficient protocol for Pechmann condensation has been described. The synthesis of coumarin using phenols and β-ketoesters with catalytic amount of zinc triflate under solvent free conditions afforded good to excellent yields of the coumarins. The described protocol is operationally simple and ecofriendly.
