Adult Cellulitis in Somalia: Prospective Assessment of Clinical Presentation, Predisposing Factors, and Outcomes at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital

Background Cellulitis is a common medical emergency associated with substantial morbidity and significant financial implications for healthcare systems worldwide. Method This prospective cross-sectional study included 100 adult patients diagnosed with cellulitis who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary teaching hospital in Somalia between August 1, 2021, and July 30, 2022. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Of the 100 patients, 74% were male and 26% were female, with a mean age of 56.71 ± 19.94 years. The largest age group was patients ≥ 70 years (27%). Diabetes was the most frequently reported comorbidity (51%). The most common risk factors were mechanical trauma (20%) and a previous history of cellulitis (20%). The lower extremity was the predominant site of infection (90%). Regarding management, 47% of patients were hospitalized and received intravenous antibiotics, 45% were treated as outpatients, and 8% required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Additionally, 11% underwent drainage in combination with IV antibiotics. Overall, 96% of patients achieved successful recovery. Conclusion Cellulitis is a major cause of emergency department visits and hospitalization, particularly among elderly patients. It remains a common medical emergency associated with high morbidity and significant healthcare costs.