Geospatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Food Security in Downstream Communities of Shiroro and Zungeru Dams, Niger State, Nigeria

This study assesses flood vulnerability impacts on food security for communities downstream of Niger State's Shiroro and Zungeru hydroelectric dams. Using Sentinel-1 SAR and Landsat imagery (1986–2022) via Google Earth Engine, we mapped spatio-temporal flood dynamics and identified frequently inundated croplands. A multi-criteria GIS analysis incorporating elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, NDVI, land use, and river proximity generated detailed flood vulnerability maps through fuzzy overlay techniques. Agricultural impacts were evaluated by overlaying hazard maps with farmland data and household surveys, employing food security indicators (HFIAS and FCS). The research further examines gender-differentiated adaptation strategies to flood-induced food insecurity. Results reveal significant flooding patterns, highlighting cropland exposure and heightened household vulnerability. Findings provide critical evidence for targeted flood risk management, climate adaptation planning, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to enhance agricultural resilience, supporting Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, and 13 in dam-affected communities.