Adeloye–Odeku Disease: A Rare Anterior Fontanelle Inclusion Cyst in a Ghanaian Infant – Case Report and Literature Review

Background Adeloye–Odeku disease, also known as anterior fontanelle inclusion cyst, is a rare congenital lesion commonly misdiagnosed as encephalocele. We present the first documented case in Ghana. Case presentation We present an 8-month-old female with a painless, progressively enlarging scalp swelling over the anterior fontanelle since birth. Examination revealed cystic swelling with no cough impulse that transilluminates with light. A computed tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the head revealed a well-defined, extradural located cystic mass without intracranial extension. Surgical excision was performed successfully, and histopathology confirmed a dermoid cyst. Conclusion Adeloye–Odeku disease has been reported globally. It is commonly misdiagnosed as encephalocele. Diagnosis can be achieved with non-invasive imaging techniques, and total surgical excision is curative with great prognosis.