LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the In-Vivo Effects of Cognitive One in Aβ - Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rats

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition that causes decline in cognition, behavior, and functions, and can even lead to death. Cognitive Formula 1 (CF1), a prime example of TCM, has demonstrated promising performance in clinical applications. However, the precise therapeutic mechanisms underlying its efficacy in treating AD remain to be fully elucidated. An AD rat model was established by injecting β-amyloid peptide 1–42 (Aβ₁₋₄₂) to explore the mechanism of CF1. Research showed that synergistic multi-component action enables CF1 to directly modulate host metabolic pathways (e.g., glycerophospholipid and amino acid metabolism), correcting systemic dysregulation. Simultaneously, it remodels gut microbiota by inhibiting potentially detrimental bacteria (Veillonella, Lachnoclostridium) and promoting beneficial ones (Roseburia). This improves intestinal ecology, reduces endotoxin influx, and mitigates systemic inflammation. The dual improvement in host metabolism and microbiota lowers peripheral pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress signals reaching the brain. Consequently, this inhibits hippocampal microglial overactivation and downregulates neuroinflammation. These cascading effects protect neuronal structure and function, ultimately improving learning, memory, and spatial cognition in AD model rats.