Planetary Health and Planetary Nursing Awareness Scale: Scale Development Study

Introduction : Today, increases in human population and longevity, and the rise of chronic diseases lead to an increase in using hospital services. Medical waste, consisting of plastic materials likely to be toxic or radioactive, poses a greater burden on the planet than other kinds of waste such as office supplies. It is clear that nurses, who play a key role in protecting and promoting health, also play a key role in environmental sustainability, and in protecting and promoting planetary health. The purpose in this study is to develop a scale aimed at determining nurses' awareness of planetary health and planetary nursing. Methods : In this study having a methodological research design, data were collected from 359 nurses currently working via an online form between March 31, 2025 and May 14, 2025. The SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows version 25.0 and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) version 21 were used in the analysis. For the categorical variables, number (N) and percentage (%) values were calculated for the descriptive statistics. After the expert opinion was obtained, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratios (CVR) were calculated, and a pilot study was conducted with 40 nurses. In the reliability analyses, the test-retest and split-half techniques were used, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item-total correlation and item discrimination index were calculated. Construct validity of the scale was established via a two-stage factor analysis. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted. Results : The result of the test-retest reliability was r = 0.798 (p < 0.01). KMO and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity values for EFA ​​were 0.961 and 6861.981, respectively (p < 0.001). The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.951. The model fit index results determined after the CFA were as follows: RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.073, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.034, CFI (comparative fit index) = 0.955, IFI (Incremental Fit Index) = 0.955, TLI (Tucker–Lewis index) = 0.947, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = 0.934, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.903 and AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.875. The explained ratio of the total variance of the scale was calculated as 57.969. According to the EFA and CFA results, 11 items with low factor loadings were removed and the scale took its 16-item final form. Conclusions : The Planetary Health and Planetary Nursing Awareness Scale (PH-PNAS) is a valid and reliable measurement tool, and it is believed to be useful tool for nurses who play a key role in the delivery of sustainable health services.