Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications of Thoracolumbar Brucella Spondylitis

Background This study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications following a one-stage posterior approach for thoracolumbar Brucellosis spondylitis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 61 patients with thoracolumbar Brucellosis spondylitis who underwent a one-stage posterior approach at this institution between January 2015 and January 2019. To compare clinical characteristics, patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of postoperative complications: a complication group (14 cases) and a control group (47 cases). Logistic regression analysis was then used to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. Results Disease duration, fever status, and hemoglobin levels differed significantly between groups (all P  < 0.05). Further, multivariate analysis identified diabetes, fever, and psoas muscle abscess as independent risk factors for postoperative complications (all P  < 0.05). Conclusion Having diabetes, fever, and psoas muscle abscess are independent risk factors for complications after a one-stage posterior approach for thoracolumbar Brucellosis spondylitis. Therefore, careful selection of surgical indications, strict surgical technique, proper blood glucose management in diabetic patients, and preoperative control of body temperature are essential to reduce complication rates.