Antiproliferative Effects of Reynoutrin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Breast (MCF-7) and Prostate Cancer (PC-3) Cells Lines

Background Reynoutrin, a bioactive flavonoid, is recognized for its biological effects. Despite toxic side effects, cisplatin is widely used to treat malignancies. This study aimed to assess the in vitro antiproliferative activity of reynoutrin in MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines by evaluating its modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Methods The cytotoxic effects of reynoutrin on MCF-7 and PC-3 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay after 24 h. Oxidative stress levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with total antioxidant and oxidant status kits. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6, caspase 3, caspase 9, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) were detected by RT-PCR. Apoptosis was verified using Hoechst staining. Results Reynoutrin inhibited MCF-7 and PC-3 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 220 and 412 µg/mL, respectively. Reynoutrin increased the total oxidant status, decreased the total antioxidant enzyme activity, and enhanced oxidative stress (p < 0.05). RT-PCR showed that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner following reynoutrin administration in MCF-7 and PC-3 cells (p < 0.05), indicating its anti-inflammatory activity. In cancer cells, reynoutrin increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that reynoutrin exerts antiproliferative activity by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic pathways in cancer cells.